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| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carotenoids | Antheraxanthin,, Carotene, Lutein,
Neoxanthin, Violaxanthin, Zeaxanthin | ||||
| Depsides | Vulpinic Acid | ||||
| Other Phenolic Acids | Pinastric | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Spruce Forest | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Picea abies |
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
Dead Gymnosperm Wood |
Lichens of Belgium, Luxembourg and Northern France:
Vulpicida pinastri
Last Dragon:
Vulpicida pinastri
Pictures © 2003, 2011 J.K. Lindsey
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