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• Archer, M.E. (2014) The Vespoid Wasps. (Tiphiidae, Mutillidae, Sapygidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae) of the British Isles. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 6(6).
• Berland, L. (1928) Hyménoptères vespiformes. II. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 19.
• Christ, J.L. (1791) Naturgeschichte, Classification und Nomenklatur der Insecten von Bienen, Wespen, und Ameisengeschlecht; als der fuenften Klass fuenften Ordnung des Linneischen Natur-Systems von den Insecten Hymenoptera. Frankfurt am Main: Hermann.
• du Buysson, R. (1904) "Monographie des guêpes ou Vespa. (suite)" Annales de la Société entomologique de France 73: 485-556, 563-634.
• Dvorák, L. & Roberts, S. (2006) "Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 46: 221-244.
• Fabricius, J.C. (1793) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta : Secundun classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. 2. Hafniae: C.G. Proft.
• Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Tomus I. Regnum Animale. Holmiae: L. Salvii
• Panzer, G.W.F. (1799) Faunae insectorum Germanicae Hefte 63.
• Retzius, A.J. (1783) Genera et Species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis. Lipsiae: S.L. Crusium.
• Richards, O.W. (1980) Hymenoptera: Aculeata. Scolioidea, Vespoidea, and Sphecoidea. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 6(3b).
• Saunders, E. (1896) The Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British Islands. London: L. Reeve., Index to Modern Names
• Scopoli, J.A. (1763) Entomologia Carniolica exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates : methodo Linnaeana. Vindobonae: I.T. Trattner
• Willmer, P. (1985) Bees, Ants and Wasps. The British Aculeates. Taunton: Field Studies Council.
• Witt, R. (2009) Wespen. Oldenburg: Vademecum Verlag.

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