Lucanidae
Descriptions and Identification Keys
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- Britton, E.B. (1956) Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae. (Lucanidae, Trogidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae). Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 5(11).
- Duff, A.G. (2020) Beetles of Britain and Ireland. Volume 3: Geotrupidae to Scraptiidae. West Runton: A.G. Duff.
- Freude, H., Harde, K.W., & Lohse, G.A. (eds, 1969) Die Käfer Mitteleuropas. Band 8. Teredilia, Heteromera, Lamellicornia. Krefeld: Goecke & Evers.
- Janssens, A. (1960) Faune de Belgique. Insectes. Coléoptères lamellicornes. Bruxelles: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles.
- Jessop, L. (1986) Dung Beetles & Chafers - Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 5(11).
- Klausnitzer, B. (1996) Die Larven der Käfer Mitteleuropas. 3. Band. Polyphaga Teil 2. Krefeld: Goecke & Evers.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Tomus I. Regnum Animale. Holmiae: L. Salvii
- Paulian, R. (1941) Coléoptères Scarabeidés. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 38.
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