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• Ball, S. & Morris, R. (2015, 2nd edn) Britain's Hoverflies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Barendregt, A. (1983) "Syrphus nitidifrons Becker, 1921 from the Netherlands with description of the male, and a key to the European Syrphus species (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Entomologische Berichten 43: 59-64.
• Becker, T. (1921) "Neuen Dipteren meiner Sammlung." Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 10: 1-93.
• Coe, R.L. (1953) Diptera: Syrphidae. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 10(1).
• De Geer, C. (1776) Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire des Insectes. Tome Sixième. Stockholm: P. Hesselberg.
• Fabricius, J.C. (1794) Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta : Secundun classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tom. IV. Hafniae: C.G. Proft.
• Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, describtionibus. Brunsvigae: Carolum Reichard.
• Fallén, C.F. (1817) Diptera Sveciae Lundae: Litteris Berlingianis.
• Goeldlin de Tiefenau, P. (1989) "Sur plusieurs espèces de Sphaerophoria (Dipt., Syrphidae) nouvelles ou méconnues des régions paléarctique et néarctique." Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse 62: 40-66.
• Harris, M. (1782) An Exposition of English Insects Including the Several Classes of Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, & Diptera, or Bees, Flies, & Libellulae. London: Robson.
• Láska, P., Mazánek, L. & Bicík, M. (2013) "Key to adults and larvae of the genera of European Syrphinae (Diptera, Syrphidae)." Casopis Slezského Muzea Opava A62: 193-206.
• Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Tomus I. Regnum Animale. Holmiae: L. Salvii
• Loew, H. (1841) "Ueber die Gattung Chrysotoxum." Entomologische Zeitung. Stettin 2: 136-141.
• Macquart, J. (1829) "Insectes diptères du Nord de la France. Syrphies." Memoires de la Société royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts à Lille pp.149-371.
• Macquart, J. (1834) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Diptères. Tome 1. Paris: Roret.
• Meigen, J.W. (1822) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Aachen: Forstmann.
• Müller, O.F. (1764) Fauna Insectorum Friedrichdaliana. Hafniae & Lipsiae: F. Gleditschii.
• Müller, O.F. (1776) Zoologicae Danicae, prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum, Characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hafniae: Typis Hallageriis.
• Nedeljkovic, Z., Ricarte, A., Zoric, L.S., Dan, M., Vidakovic, D.O., & Vujic, A. (2018) "The genus Xanthogramma Schiner, 1861 (Diptera: Syrphidae) in southeastern Europe, with descriptions of two new species." Canadian Entomologist 150: 440-464.
• Osten Sacken, C.R. (1875) "On the North American species of the genus Syrphus (in the narrowest sense)." Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 18: 135-153.
• Rondani, C. (1857) Species Italicae Ordinis Dipterorum. Pars Prima. Parma: Typis Societatis Typographorum.
• Rotheray, G.E. (1993) Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae. Dipterists Digest No 9.
• Speight, M.C.D. (2014) "Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera)." Syrph the Net: the Database of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 78: 1-314.
• Speight, M.C.D. & Sarthou, J.P. (2014) "StN keys for the identification of the European species of various genera of Syrphidae (Diptera)." Syrph the Net: the Database of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 80: 1-129.
• Stubbs, A. & Drake, M. (2002) British Hoverflies. Dorchester: Dorset Press.
• Van Veen, M.P. (2010, 2nd edn) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. Identification Keys to the Syrphidae. Zeist: KNNV Publishing.
• Verlinden, L. (1994) Faune de Belgique. Syrphides (Syrphidae). Bruxelles: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles.
• Verrall, G.H. (1873) "Additions and correction to the list of British Syrphidae." The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 9: 251-256, 281-286.
• Verrall, G.H. (1901) British Flies. VIII. Platypezidae, Pipunculidae, and Syrphidae. London: Gurney & Jackson.
• Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1830) Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten. Voss.
• Zetterstedt, J.W. (1843) Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Tomus Secundus. Lundae: Officina Lundbergiana.

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