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• Ball, S. & Morris, R. (2015, 2nd edn) Britain's Hoverflies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Coe, R.L. (1953) Diptera: Syrphidae. Royal Entomological Society of London Handbook 10(1).
• Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, describtionibus. Brunsvigae: Carolum Reichard.
• Harris, M. (1782) An Exposition of English Insects Including the Several Classes of Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, & Diptera, or Bees, Flies, & Libellulae. London: Robson.
• Ichige, K. & Barkalov, A.V. (2012) A review of the Old World species of the genus Blera Billberg, 1820 (Diptera, Syrphidae), with descriptions of two new species and a subspecies." Euroasian Entomological Journal 16: 419-431.
• Krivosheina. M.G. (2001) "Notes on the biology of palaearctic flies of the genera Chalcosyrphus Curran and Xylota Meigen (Diptera, Syrphidae), with the description of immature stages of Xylota atricoloris Mutin, 1987." International Journal of Dipterological Research 12: 165-172.
• Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Tomus I. Regnum Animale. Holmiae: L. Salvii
• Meigen, J.W. (1822) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Dritter Theil. Aachen: Forstmann.
• Müller, O.F. (1776) Zoologicae Danicae, prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum, Characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. Hafniae: Typis Hallageriis.
• Rotheray, G.E. (1993) Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae. Dipterists Digest No 9.
• Speight, M.C.D. (2014) "Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera)." Syrph the Net: the Database of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 78: 1-314.
• Speight, M.C.D. & Sarthou, J.P. (2014) "StN keys for the identification of the European species of various genera of Syrphidae (Diptera)." Syrph the Net: the Database of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 80: 1-129.
• Stubbs, A. & Drake, M. (2002) British Hoverflies. Dorchester: Dorset Press.
• Van Veen, M.P. (2010, 2nd edn) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. Identification Keys to the Syrphidae. Zeist: KNNV Publishing.
• Verlinden, L. (1994) Faune de Belgique. Syrphides (Syrphidae). Bruxelles: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles.
• Verrall, G.H. (1901) British Flies. VIII. Platypezidae, Pipunculidae, and Syrphidae. London: Gurney & Jackson.

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