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Height: 30-150cm
Perennial, Rhizomatous
Sporulation July - October
Protective Chemicals | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flavonoids | Kaempferol, Quercetin | ||||
Phenolics | Caffeic, Caffeoylquinic, Caffeoylshikimic, Chlorogenic, Coumaric, Hydroxybenzoic,
Protocatechui, & Vanillic Acids, Caffeoylphenylalanine, Caffeoyltryptophan, Catechol |
Biotopes: |
![]() Spruce Forest |
![]() Hedge Rows |
Spore Dispersal: | Wind | |
Parasites: |
![]() Taphrina athyrii | |
Herbivores: |
![]() Lacanobia oleracea |
![]() Several Tenthredinidae |
Sapivores: |
![]() Amphorophora ampullata |
![]() Aulacorthum solani |
Skye Flora: Lady Fern
Pictures © 2003, 2004 J.K. Lindsey
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