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Height: 20-160cm
Perennial, Rhizomatous
Sporulation July - September
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
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| Phenolics | Flavaspidic Acid, Aspidin, Filicin, Tannins | ||||
| Other | Oleoresin | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Spruce Forest | |
| Spore Dispersal: | Wind | |
| Parasites: |
Taphrina athyrii |
Cryptomycina pteridis |
| Herbivores: |
Euplexia lucipara Larva |
Several Tenthredinidae |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tenthredinidae Larvae | |
| Sapivores: |
Amphorophora ampullata |
Skye Flora: Male Fern
Pictures © 2003, 2004 J.K. Lindsey
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