Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-80cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August
(Earliest: 18.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Furanocoumarins | Bergapten, Methoxsalen | ||||
| Monoterpenoids | Geraniol, Phellandrene, Pinene, Sabinene, Thujene | ||||
| Phenolics | Asarone, Methyl Isoeugenol | ||||
| Polyacetylenes | Carindiol, Falcarindiol, Falcarinol | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows |
Gardens | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Bare Ground | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Ichneumonidae |
Several Tenthredinidae |
Andrena alfkenella |
Nomada panzeri |
Argogorytes mystaceus |
Ectemnius lapidarius |
Chrysis ignita |
Gasteruption pedemontanum | |
Aglais urticae |
Several Geometridae |
Anthophila fabriciana |
Atolmis rubricollis | |
Nemophora degeerella |
Many Syrphidae |
Empis ciliata |
Empis tessellata | |
Tipula lunata |
Tipula pabulina |
Chloromyia formosa |
Hybomitra micans | |
Bellardia viarum |
Several Cantharidae |
Several Cerambycidae |
Hemicrepidius niger | |
Adrastus pallens |
Sericostoma personatum |
Ecclisopteryx guttulata | Parasites: |
Plasmopara nivea |
Erysiphe heraclei |
Mycosphaerella podagrariae |
Marssonina aegopodii |
Protomyces macrosporus |
Epermenia chaerophyllella |
Epermenia falciformis Larva |
Several Agromyzidae | |
Gortyna flavago Larva (Stem Borer) | ||||
| Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Papilio machaon |
Acronicta psi |
Autographa gamma |
Agonopterix ciliella |
Agonopterix heracliana Larva |
Pachyprotasis antennata Larva |
Tenthredo campestris Larva | |
Several Curculionidae |
Chrysolina oricalcia | |||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Graphosoma lineatum |
Orthops campestris |
Cercopis vulnerata |
Philaenus spumarius | ||||
| Florivores: |
Hoplia philanthus | |||
| Granivores: |
Liocoris tripustulatus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Ground Elder
Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2008 J.K. Lindsey
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