Plant 
Flowers |
Leaves 
Fruit |
|
Plant
Flowers |
Leaves
Fruit |
Height: 30-90cm
Never Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Tufts, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering April - October
(Earliest: 24.4)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids |
Berberine, Chelerythrine, Chelidonine, Coptisine,
Protopine, Sanguinarine, Stylopine | ||||
| Quinolizidine Alkaloids | Sparteine | ||||
| Phenolics | Caffeic Acid | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Sphaerophoria philanthus |
| Parasites: |
Septoria.chelidonii |
Chromatomyia horticola | Herbivores: |
Clepsis rurinana |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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