Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Hedge Rows |
Around Buildings |
Flower Visitors: |
Many Apidae |
Several Vespidae |
Eusterinx bispinosa |
Ectemnius continuus |
|
Many Nymphalidae |
Thymelicus sylvestris |
Lycaena phlaeas |
Polyommatus icarus |
|
Eilema depressa |
Autographa gamma |
Cerapteryx graminis |
Minoa murinata |
|
Yponomeuta padella |
Crambus perlella |
Several Conopidae |
Many Syrphidae |
|
Several Tachinidae |
Graphomya maculata |
Helina impuncta |
Sarcophaga carnaria |
|
Lyciella affinis |
Dilophus femoratus |
Several Cerambycidae |
Brassicogethes fulvipes |
|
Rhagonycha fulva |
Adelphocoris lineolatus |
Closterotomus norwegicus |
Panorpa vulgaris |
Seed Dispersal: |
Wind |
Parasites: |
Ramularia cirsii |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Aethes cnicana Larva (Seeds & Stem Borer) |
Lobesia abscisana Larva (Stem Borer) |
|
Scrobipalpa acuminatella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Coleophora trochilella Larva |
Agonopterix subpropinquella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Several Agromyzidae |
|
Several Tephritidae Larvae (Flower & Stem Galls) |
Cheilosia flavipes Larva |
Bradysia giraudii Larva (Stem Borer) |
Several Apionidae Larvae |
|
Agapanthia cardui Larva (Stem Borer) |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) |
Lixus pulverulentus Larva (Stem Borer) |
Apteropeda orbiculata Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Possible Parasites: |
Protearomyia nigra Larva (Stem Borer) |
Oedemera nobilis Larva (Stem Borer) |
Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Several Noctuidae |
Several Tortricidae |
Sitochroa verticalis Larva |
|
Ectropis crepuscularia |
Agonopterix arenella Larva |
Ametastegia tenera |
Several Chrysomelidae |
|
Lixus pulverulentus |
Forficula auricularia |
Cepaea |
Possible Herbivores: |
Anania perlucidalis Larva |
Udea lutealis Larva |
Agapeta hamana Larva |
Celypha lacunana |
|
Several Chrysomelidae |
Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Several Miridae |
Carpocoris fuscispinus |
Carpocoris purpureipennis |
|
Philaenus spumarius |
Euscelidius schenckii |
Possible Sapivores: |
Several Cicadellidae |
Apolygus lucorum |
Lygus pratensis |
Palomena prasina |
|
Enoplops scapha |
Centrotus cornutus Nymph |
Florivores: |
Several Curculionidae Larvae |
Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia centaureata |
Cnephasia pasiuana |
Granivores: |
Amara apricaria |
Amara eurynota |
Stictopleurus punctatonervosus |
Dolycoris baccarum |
Possible Granivores: |
Eurygaster maura |
Liorhyssus hyalinus |
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey