Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-120cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - July
(Earliest: 19.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Ixerin | ||||
| Flavonoids | Luteolin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Caffeic Acid | ||||
| Phthalates | Dibutyl Phthalate | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Andrena angustior |
Bombus lapidarius |
Several Syrphidae |
Anthomyia liturata |
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Podosphaera fusca |
Synchytrium taraxaci |
Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall) |
Several Agromyzidae | ||||
| Possible Parasites: |
Cheilosia latifrons Larva (Root & Stem Borer) |
Ophiomyia pulicaria Larva (Leaf Miner) | ||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae | |||
| Sapivores: |
Uroleucon cichorii |
Uroleucon hypochoeridis | ||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia subumbrata Larva |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 J.K. Lindsey
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