Plant 
Flower |
Leaf 
Fruit |
|
Plant
Flower |
Leaf
Fruit |
Height: 5-60cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - October
(Earliest: 29.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Epidesacylcynaropicrin, Epiisolipidiol | ||||
| Flavonoids | Luteolin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Caffeic Acid | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Several Hesperiidae |
Aglais urticae |
Episyrphus balteatus |
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Puccinia major |
Liriomyza strigata | |
| Possible Parasites: |
Cheilosia latifrons Larva (Root & Stem Borer) | |||
| Herbivores: |
Hada plebeja |
Hecatera bicolorata Larva | ||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae | |||
| Sapivores: |
Uroleucon cichorii | |||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia subumbrata Larva |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Smooth Hawksbeard
Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
Back to Ecology of Commanster