Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 50-180cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Stoloniferous, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September
(Earliest: 9.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Kaempferol, Quercetin | ||||
| Ellagitannins | Oenothein | ||||
| Acids | Ascorbic | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Many Apidae |
Several Ichneumonidae |
Several Vespidae |
Cerceris rybyensis |
Pteromalus cioni |
Gasteruption assectator |
Ammophila sabulosa |
Several Nymphalidae | |
Several Pieridae |
Thymelicus lineola |
Several Crambidae |
Several Noctuidae | |
Spargania luctuata |
Xanthorhoe designata |
Anthophila fabriciana |
Mompha conturbatella | |
Several Calliphoridae |
Several Muscidae |
Many Syrphidae |
Empis livida | |
Empis serotina |
Eriothrix rufomaculatus |
Siphona cristata |
Conops quadrifasciatus | |
Sicus ferrugineus |
Sarcophaga carnaria |
Scathophaga stercoraria |
Tricholauxania praeusta | |
Meromyza femorata |
Pegomya testacea |
Several Cerambycidae |
Rhagonycha fulva | |
Calocoris affinis |
Panorpa vulgaris | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Passalora montana |
Venturia maculiformis |
Pucciniastrum epilobii |
Mompha langiella |
Mompha raschkiella | ||||
| Herbivores: |
Capreolus capreolus |
Deilephila elpenor |
Several Erebidae |
Several Noctuidae |
Several Tortricidae |
Ecliptopera silaceata Larva |
Spargania luctuata Larva |
Mompha idaei Larva | |
|
Mompha conturbatella Larva |
Phalera bucephala |
Deilephila porcellus Larva |
Several Tenthredinidae | |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Several Curculionidae |
Monacha cartusiana |
Cepaea | |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Lacanobia oleracea |
Mesotype didymata |
Spilosoma lutea Larva |
Several Tenthredinidae |
Psylliodes picina | |||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Several Miridae |
Evacanthus interruptus |
Sonronius dahlbomi |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Craspedolepta subpunctata |
Cixius distinguendus | ||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Aphis frangulae beccabungae | |||
| Florivores: |
Eupithecia satyrata |
Mompha sturnipennella Larva | ||
| Granivores: |
Adelphocoris lineolatus Nymph |
Liocoris tripustulatus |
Rhopalus maculatus |
Mompha sturnipennella Larva |
| Leaf Cutters: |
Megachile lapponica | |||
| Nests: |
Sylvia borin | |||
| Decomposers: |
Discosia artocreas |
Angiosperm Generalists |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Fireweed
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009 J.K. Lindsey
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