Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
Colour Variant
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 20-100cm
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering July - September
(Earliest: 23.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Bicyclogermacrene, Caryophyllene, Farnesene, Germacrene | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows |
Spruce Forest Edge |
Heath and Moorland | |
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Campoletis agilis |
Several Nymphalidae |
Several Pieridae |
Autographa gamma |
Macroglossum stellatarum |
Anania hortulata |
Many Syrphidae | |
Empis livida |
Dasytes virens | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Hitch-hiking | |||
| Parasites: |
Neoerysiphe galeopsidis |
Phyllosticta galeopsidis |
Ascochyta lamiorum |
Several Agromyzidae |
Apteropeda orbiculata Larva (Leaf Miner) | ||||
| Possible Parasites: |
Chromatomyia horticola | |||
| Herbivores: |
Autographa gamma |
Diachrysia chrysitis Larva |
Cnephasia incertana |
Cassida viridis |
Chrysolina fastuosa | ||||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Diaphora mendica |
Macrophya sanguinolenta Larva |
Pachyprotasis rapae Larva | |
| Sapivores: |
Tingis pilosa |
Aphis frangulae beccabungae | ||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Dicyphus errans |
Mecomma ambulans |
Aulacorthum solani |
Evacanthus acuminatus |
| Florivores: |
Lamiogethes pedicularius Larva | |||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia satyrata | |||
| Granivores: |
Lophophanes cristatus |
Perizoma alchemillata Larva |
Endothenia marginana |
Grypocoris sexguttatus |
| Decomposers: |
Chromelosporium ochraceum |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Common Hemp-nettle
Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2010 J.K. Lindsey
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