Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-80cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Gynodioecious, Flowering May - August
(Earliest: 5.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoterpenoids | Linalool | ||||
| Sesquiterpenoids | Caryophyllene, Farnesene, Muurolene | ||||
| Flavonoids | Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Malvidin | ||||
| Tannins | Geraniin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Ellagic & Gallic Acids | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Tenthredo koehleri |
Aglais urticae |
Pieris napi |
Anthophila fabriciana |
Several Empididae |
Several Syrphidae |
Haematobosca stimulans | |
Siphona geniculata |
Dicraeu ingratus |
Oedemera pthysica | ||
| Seed Dispersal: | Projection | |||
| Parasites: |
Venturia geranii |
Septoria geranii |
Podosphaera fugax | |
| Possible Parasites: |
Liriomyza strigata | |||
| Herbivores: |
Macrothylacia rubi |
Mesotype didymata |
Macrophya carinthiaca Larva | |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Callimorpha dominula |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Cnephasia incertana |
Several Tenthredinidae |
| Sapivores: |
Centrotus cornutus Nymph | |||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Aphis fabae |
Macrosiphum euphorbiae | ||
| Granivores: |
Zacladus geranii | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Rhopalus parumpunctatus |
Liorhyssus hyalinus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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