Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 20-60cm
Perennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August
(Earliest: 22.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Germacrene | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Spruce Forest Edge | ||
| Flower Visitors: |
Halictus tumulorum |
Panurgus banksianus |
Colias croceus |
Pieris rapae |
Aglais urticae |
Helina impuncta |
Sicus ferrugineus |
Empis livida | |
Oedemera lurida |
Anthaxia quadripunctata | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Liriomyza strigata |
Phytomyza marginella |
Cheilosia urbana Larva (Root & Stem Borer) |
| Possible Parasites: |
Ophiomyia pulicaria Larva (Leaf Miner) | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Diasemia reticularis Larva |
Hecatera bicolorata Larva |
Hellinsia didactylites Larva |
Tenthredo mioceras Larva |
Tenthredo neobesa Larva | |||
| Sapivores: |
Aphis fabae |
Uroleucon obscurum |
Aphrophora alni Nymph | |
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Aulacorthum solani | ||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia satyrata | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Stictopleurus abutilon |
Pictures © 2003, 2005, 2007 J.K. Lindsey
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