Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 20-70cm
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Rhizomatous, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - October
(Earliest: 30.5)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iridoids | Antirride, Antirrinoside, Glucosilaucubina, Idrossiantirride | ||||
| Flavonoids | Linarin, Linaroside | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Syringin, Tannins | ||||
| Acids | Aconitic, Ascorbic, Citric, Fumaric, Ketoglutaric, Malic,
Oxalic, Shikimic | ||||
| Phytoestrogens | Liriodendrin | ||||
| Other | Mannitol, Phytosterols | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Brachypterolus linariae | ||
| Parasites: |
Pseudocercospora linariae |
Chromatomyia horticola |
Liriomyza strigata |
Apteropeda orbiculata Larva (Leaf Miner) |
| Herbivores: |
Melitaea athalia Larva |
Several Noctuidae |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Cnephasia incertana |
Eupithecia linariata |
Stenoptilia aridus Larva | |||
| Sapivores: |
Anthocoris nemorum |
Lygus pratensis | ||
| Florivores: |
Eupithecia satyrata |
Brachypterolus pulicarius |
Brachypterolus linariae | |
| Granivores: |
Rhinusa antirrhini Larva |
Dolycoris baccarum |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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