Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-90cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering July - October
(Earliest: 8.6)
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Lasioglossum fulvicorne |
Aglais urticae |
Maniola jurtina |
Thymelicus lineola |
Gonepteryx rhamni |
Eriothrix rufomaculatus |
Siphona cristata |
Cheilosia pagana | |
Neoascia podagrica |
Empis livida |
Sicus ferrugineus |
Anthaxia quadripunctata | |
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Ramularia picridis |
Several Agromyzidae |
Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall) |
| Herbivores: |
Hecatera bicolorata Larva |
Scoparia subfusca Larva | ||
| Sapivores: |
Aphis fabae |
Uroleucon cichorii |
Macrosteles maculosus | |
| Florivores: |
Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis | |||
| Granivores: |
Eucosma obumbratana Larva |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2011 J.K. Lindsey
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