Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 60-150cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August (Earliest: 11.5)

Protective Chemicals
Terpenoids	Linalool, Pinene
Phenolics	Ellagic, Salicylic, & Tartaric Acids, Tannins
Other Acids	Citric, Malic, Oxalic

Biotopes:	Hedge Rows	Spruce Forest Edge	Gardens
Flower Visitors:	Several Apidae	Aphantopus hyperantus	Volucella pellucens	Tachina fera
	Byturus ochraceus	Byturus tomentosus
Parasites:	Arabis mosaic nepovirus	Sphaerulina rubi	Sphaerulina westendorpii	Elsinoë veneta
	Podosphaera aphanis	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	Several Nepticulidae	Coleophora albicostella
	Coptotriche heinemanni	Pennisetia hylaeiformis Larva (Stem Borer)	Anthonomus rubi Larva (Flower Gall)	Otiorhynchus coecus Larva
	Byctiscus betulae Larva	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus Larva	Agrilus cuprescens Larva (Stem Borer)	Lasioptera rubi
	Agromyza idaeiana	Metallus pumilus	Tetranychus mcdanieli
Herbivores:	Brenthis daphne Larva	Polygonia c-album Larva	Callophrys rubi Larva	Pyrgus malvae Larva
	Several Erebidae	Many Geometridae	Many Noctuidae	Many Tortricidae
	Habrosyne pyritoides	Thyatira batis	Macrothylacia rubi	Saturnia pavonia
	Lampronia flavimitrella Larva	Diurnea fagella	Schreckensteinia festaliella Larva	Many Tenthredinidae
	Arge cyanocrocea Larva	Arge gracilicornis Larva	Pamphilius hortorum Larva	Batophila
	Luperus longicornis	Otiorhynchus singularis
Possible Herbivores:	Angerona prunaria Larva	Idaea muricata Larva	Udea lutealis Larva	Udea prunalis
	Acleris sparsana Larva	Capua vulgana Larva	Lacanobia oleracea	Phragmatobia fuliginosa Larva
	Several Tenthredinidae	Several Curculionidae	Clytra laeviuscula	Phyllopertha horticola
Sapivores:	Several Aphididae	Several Cicadellidae	Several Miridae
Possible Sapivores:	Several Miridae	Several Pentatomidae	Aphis fabae	Centrotus cornutus
	Thrips fuscipennis
Florivores:	Eupithecia satyrata	Lampronia corticella Larva
Possible Florivores:	Meligethes denticulatus Larva
Frugivores:	Meles meles	Dolycoris baccarum	Byturus tomentosus	Sarcophaga carnaria
	Drosophila suzukii Larva
Possible Frugivores:	Closterotomus biclavatus	Liorhyssus hyalinus
Granivores:	Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Nests:	Pemphredon lethifer	Psenulus laevigatus
Decomposers:	Truncatella laurocerasi	Roridomyces roridus	Marasmiellus ramealis	Angiosperm Generalists

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Wild Raspberry

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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