Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 10-45cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - October (Earliest: 6.6)

Protective Chemicals
Sesquiterpenoids	Crepidiaside, Deoxylactucin, Jacquilenin
Flavonoids	Luteolin
Other Phenolics	Caffeoyltartaric, Chicoric, Chlorogenic, & Dicaffeoylquinic Acids

Biotopes:	Meadows	Wet Meadows
Flower Visitors:	Many Apidae	Leucospis dorsigera	Tenthredo notha	Ctenochira flavicauda
	Crossocerus elongatulus	Many Nymphalidae	Lycaena phlaeas	Pieris napi
	Pieris rapae	Thymelicus lineola	Thymelicus sylvestris	Eilema griseola
	Zygaena viciae	Many Syrphidae	Several Tachinidae	Conops flavipes
	Sicus ferrugineus	Helina intermedia	Fannia polychaeta	Empis livida
	Stomorhina lunata	Scathophaga stercoraria	Several Oedemeridae	Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata
	Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata	Anthaxia quadripunctata	Plagiognathus arbustorum
Seed Dispersal:	Wind
Parasites:	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	Podosphaera fusca	Puccinia hieracii	Several Agromyzidae
	Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall)	Cheilosia latifrons Larva (Root & Stem Borer)
Herbivores:	Autographa gamma	Cybosia mesomella Larva
Sapivores:	Aphrophora alni Nymph	Philaenus spumarius	Uroleucon cichorii	Uroleucon hypochoeridis
	Lygus pratensis

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Autumn Hawkbit

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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