Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 5-50cm
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering January - December
(Earliest: 1.4)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids |
Integerrimine, Jacobine, Jacoline, Jaconine, Jacozine,
Retrorsine, Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Senecivernine | ||||
| Terpenoids | Loliolide, Oplopanone | ||||
| Benzoquinones | Jacaranone | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Gardens | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Bare Ground | |||
| Pollination: | Autopollination | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Several Agromyzidae |
Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall) |
Sphenella marginata Larva (Flower Gall) | |
| Herbivores: |
Many Noctuidae |
Xanthorhoe montanata Larva |
Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata Larva |
Tyria jacobaeae Larva |
Macrophya sanguinolenta Larva |
Longitarsus ochroleucus | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Noctuidae |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Cnephasia incertana |
Anania lancealis Larva |
Mesotype didymata |
Pachyprotasis simulans Larva |
Tenthredo ferruginea Larva | ||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Several Miridae | ||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Cicadellidae |
Several Miridae |
Enoplops scapha |
Carpocoris melanocerus |
| Florivores: |
Eupithecia absinthiata Larva |
Eupithecia centaureata |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Groundsel
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
Back to Ecology of Commanster