Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 20-100cm
Annual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - October (Earliest: 18.5)

Protective Chemicals
Glucosinolates	Butenyl, Hydroxybenzyl, Phenylethyl, Propenyl, Sinalbin
Flavonoids	Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin

Biotopes:	Meadows	Gardens
Microhabitat:	Bare Ground
Parasites:	Erysiphe cruciferarum	Chromatomyia horticola	Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Larval Root Gall)
Herbivores:	Several Pieridae	Cnephasia asseclana	Cnephasia incertana	Plutella xylostella Larva
	Several Tenthredinidae Larvae	Many Chrysomelidae
Sapivores:	Several Miridae	Brevicoryne brassicae	Macrosiphum euphorbiae	Eurydema dominulus
	Eurydema oleracea	Peribalus strictus	Piezodorus lituratus
Florivores:	Several Nitidulidae Larvae
Granivores:	Anthocharis cardamines Larva	Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Larva	Adelphocoris lineolatus Nymph	Dolycoris baccarum

Ecological Flora of the British Isles

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2006 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

Back to Ecology of Commanster