Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 20-80cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Annual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - October
(Earliest: 6.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoterpenoids | Loliolide | ||||
| Sesquiterpenoids | Crepidiaside, Dihydroreynosin, Glucozaluzanin,
Macrocliniside, Montanone, Picriside, Sonchuside | ||||
| Saponins | Oleanolic & Ursolic Acids, Amyrin | ||||
| Other Triterpenoids | Erthrodiol, Lupeol, Taraxerol | ||||
| Flavonoids | Apigenin, Apigetrin, Astragalin, Isoquercitrin,
Kaempferol, Luteolin, Quercetin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Tannins | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Gardens | ||
| Microhabitat: |
Bare Ground | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Andrena ovatula | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Ascochyta sonchi |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Several Agromyzidae Larvae |
Cystiphora sonchi |
Ensina sonchi Larva (Flower Gall) |
Cheilosia vernalis Larva (Root & Stem Borer) | |||
| Possible Parasites: |
Ophiomyia pulicaria Larva (Leaf Miner) | |||
| Herbivores: |
Several Noctuidae Larvae | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae Larva |
Naenia typica Larva |
Agonopterix arenella Larva |
Cassida rubiginosa |
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae | |||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Aulacorthum solani | |||
| Granivores: |
Liorhyssus hyalinus | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Stictopleurus punctatonervosus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Smooth Sow-thistle
Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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