Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-90cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - September
(Earliest: 12.6)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Isoquercitrin, Isosativan, Maackiain, Medicarpin,
Methoxymaackiain, Populnin, Quercetin, Sativan | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Meadows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Bombus lucorum | |||
| Parasites: |
Erysiphe trifolii |
Agromyza nana |
Liriomyza bryoniae | |
| Possible Parasites: |
Delia florilega Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Delia platura Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Hydrellia griseola Larva (Leaf Miner) | |
| Herbivores: |
Leptidea sinapis Larva |
Euclidia glyphica Larva |
Autographa gamma |
Several Curculionidae |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Vanessa cardui |
Several Erebidae |
Several Tortricidae |
Chiasmia clathrata Larva |
Scotopteryx chenopodiata Larva |
Noctua comes Larva |
Nomophila noctuella Larva |
Otiorhynchus porcatus | |
Phyllobius glaucus |
Neocrepidodera ferruginea |
Agriotes obscurus Larva |
Agriotes sputator Larva | |
Phyllopertha horticola Larva |
Sminthurus viridis | |||
| Sapivores: |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Aphrodes bicinctus |
Megoura viciae |
Lygus pratensis |
Lygus rugulipennis | ||||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Adelphocoris lineolatus |
Globiceps flavomaculatus |
Aulacorthum solani |
Macrosiphum euphorbiae |
Peribalus strictus |
Piezodorus lituratus |
Brachycarenus tigrinus |
Aphrodes makarovi | |
Euscelis lineolatus | ||||
| Possible Florivores: |
Phytocoris varipes | |||
| Granivores: |
Protapion fulvipes Larva | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Adelphocoris lineolatus Nymph |
Peritrechus gracilicornis |
Dolycoris baccarum |
Liorhyssus hyalinus |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2006 J.K. Lindsey
Back to Ecology of Commanster