Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 15-50cm
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - October (Earliest: 23.4)

Protective Chemicals
Flavonoids	Afrormosin, Biochanin, Calycosin, Daidzein, Formononetin, Genistein, Irilin, Irilone, Kaempferol, Maackiain, Medicarpin, Methylorobol, Naringenin, Ononin, Pratensein, Prunetin, Pseudobaptigenin, Quercetin, Texasin
Other Phenolics	Tannins
Phytoalexins	Inermin
Phytoestrogens	Coumestrol

Biotopes:	Meadows
Flower Visitors:	Several Apidae	Several Hesperiidae	Several Lycaenidae	Several Nymphalidae
	Several Pieridae	Euclidia glyphica	Euclidia mi	Autographa gamma
	Siona lineata	Adscita statices	Temnostoma vespiforme
Parasites:	Stemphylium sarciniforme	Ascochyta trifolii	Erysiphe pisi	Erysiphe trifolii
	Agromyza nana	Chromatomyia horticola	Ischnopterapion virens Larva (Stem Borer)	Scaptomyza graminum Larva (Leaf Miner)
	Calliopum aeneum Larva (Stem Miner)	Aproaerema anthyllidella Larva (Leaf Miner)
Possible Parasites:	Delia florilega Larva (Leaf Miner)	Delia platura Larva (Leaf Miner)	Hydrellia griseola Larva (Leaf Miner)
Herbivores:	Cyaniris semiargus Larva	Polyommatus icarus Larva	Colias croceus Larva	Leptidea sinapis Larva
	Several Noctuidae	Euclidia glyphica Larva	Euclidia mi Larva	Cnephasia incertana
	Grapholita compositella Larva	Macrothylacia rubi	Zygaena viciae Larva	Tenthredo notha Larva
	Several Curculionidae	Ischnopterapion virens
Possible Herbivores:	Vanessa cardui	Several Erebidae	Several Tortricidae	Chiasmia clathrata Larva
	Scotopteryx chenopodiata Larva	Noctua comes Larva	Nomophila noctuella Larva	Otiorhynchus porcatus
	Phyllobius glaucus	Neocrepidodera ferruginea	Agriotes obscurus Larva	Agriotes sputator Larva
	Phyllopertha horticola Larva	Sminthurus viridis
Sapivores:	Piezodorus lituratus	Philaenus spumarius	Aphrodes bicinctus	Aphis craccivora
Possible Sapivores:	Adelphocoris lineolatus	Globiceps flavomaculatus	Aulacorthum solani	Macrosiphum euphorbiae
	Peribalus strictus	Piezodorus lituratus	Brachycarenus tigrinus	Aphrodes makarovi
	Euscelis lineolatus
Florivores:	Eupithecia centaureata	Eupithecia satyrata	Agrochola lychnidis Larva
Possible Florivores:	Phytocoris varipes
Granivores:	Adelphocoris seticornis
Possible Granivores:	Adelphocoris lineolatus Nymph	Peritrechus gracilicornis	Dolycoris baccarum	Liorhyssus hyalinus

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Red Clover

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

Back to Ecology of Commanster