Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 10-80cm
Never Mycorrhizal
Biennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - September
(Earliest: 15.9)
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Anthophora furcata |
Pieris rapae |
Several Syrphidae |
Stomorhina lunata |
| Parasites: |
Erysiphe cruciferarum |
Liriomyza bryoniae |
Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Larval Root Gall) |
Ceutorhynchus rapae (Larval Stem Borer) |
| Herbivores: |
Plutella xylostella Larva |
Athalia ancilla Larva |
Phyllotreta ochripes | |
| Granivores: |
Anthocharis cardamines Larva |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2016 J.K. Lindsey
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