Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 30-120cm
Perennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering August - October
(Earliest: 28.6)
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows |
Spruce Forest Edge | ||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Several Apidae |
Anthophila fabriciana |
Several Syrphidae |
Several Tachinidae |
Helina impuncta |
Stomoxys calcitrans |
Fannia atra | ||
| Parasites: |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
Septoria mougeotii |
Phytomyza marginella | |
| Possible Parasites: |
Ophiomyia pulicaria Larva (Leaf Miner) | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Diasemia reticularis Larva |
Hecatera bicolorata Larva |
Hellinsia didactylites Larva |
Tenthredo mioceras Larva |
Tenthredo neobesa Larva | |||
| Sapivores: |
Aphis fabae |
Uroleucon obscurum | ||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Aulacorthum solani | ||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eupithecia satyrata | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Stictopleurus abutilon |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2014 J.K. Lindsey
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