Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Height: 30-120cm
Biannual, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - August
(Earliest: 28.7)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids |
Acetylerucifoline, Angeloylhastanecine, Erucifoline, Intergerrimine,
Jacobine, Jacozine, Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Spartioidine | ||||
| Flavonoids | Kaempferol | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Clorogenic Acid | ||||
| Other Acids | Fumaric, Malic, Succinic | ||||
| Benzoquinones | Jacaranone | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Wet Meadows | |
| Flower Visitors: |
Scaeva pyrastri |
Syritta pipiens |
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | Parasites: |
Agapanthia villosoviridescens Larva (Stem Borer) |
Chromatomyia syngenesiae |
Phytomyza marginella |
Sphenella marginata Larva (Flower Gall) |
| Herbivores: |
Tenthredo rubricoxis | |
| Sapivores: |
Aphis jacobaeae |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2009 J.K. Lindsey
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