Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 25-100cm
Perennial, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering July - August (Earliest: <19.7)

Biotopes:	Spruce Forest Edge
Flower Visitors:	Several Syrphidae	Calliphora vicina	Allophorocera ferruginea	Rhagonycha fulva
	Stenurella melanura
Parasites:	Erysiphe heraclei	Protomyces macrosporus	Puccinia bistortae
Herbivores:	Papilio machaon

Ecological Flora of the British Isles

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2008, 21012 J.K. Lindsey

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