Plant |
Leaf |
Flower |
Fruit |
|
Plant |
Leaf |
|
Flower |
Fruit |
Height: 50-150cm
Perennial
Hermaphrodite, Flowering August - October
(Earliest: 19.7)
Origin: North America
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoterpenoids | Camphene, Germacrene, Limonene, Myrcene,
Ocimene, Phellandrene, Pinene, Sabinene, Terpenine | ||||
| Diterpenoids | Clerodane, Kaurene | ||||
| Saponins | Giganteasaponin | ||||
| Acids | Solidagoic | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Halictus rubicundus |
Sphecodes pellucidus |
Aglais urticae |
Pieris napi |
Graphomya maculata |
Musca autumnalis |
Eristalis interrupta |
Eristalis tenax | |
Dilophus febrilis |
Sarcophaga carnaria | |||
| Parasites: |
Septoria virgaureae | |||
| Possible Parasites: |
Liriomyza strigata | |||
| Herbivores: |
Cepaea | |||
| Possible Herbivores: |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Cnephasia incertana |
Acronicta rumicis Larva | |
| Possible Sapivores: |
Aulacorthum solani |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey
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