Plant	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: 10-80cm
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Perennial, Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering March - April (Earliest: 17.3)

Protective Chemicals
Sesquiterpenoids	Furanopetasin, Isopetasin, Petasin
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids	Integerrimine, Monocrotaline, Retrorsine, Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Senkirkine

Biotopes:	Spruce Forest Edge
Flower Visitors:	Many Apidae	Vespula rufa	Aglais io	Aglais urticae
	Anthocharis cardamines	Gonepteryx rhamni	Cheilosia albipila	Pollenia rudis
Parasites:	Golovinomyces cichoracearum	Ascochyta microspora	Acidia cognata	Phytomyza tussilaginis
	Stemonocera cornuta	Platyptilia gonodactyla
Herbivores:	Amphipoea oculea Larva	Several Tenthredinidae Larvae	Liparus germanus Larva	Cheilosia chloris Larva (Roots)
Sapivores:	Several Cicadellidae	Anuraphis farfarae

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Butterbur

Pictures © 2003, 2015, 2016 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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