Tree
Bark |
Leaf |
Flowers |
Fruit |
|
Bark |
Leaf |
|
Flowers |
Fruit |
Height: <30 m, Age: <200 yr
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering April - May
(Earliest: 19.4)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Catechin, Epicatechin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Gallic & Tannic Acids | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Beech Forest Edge | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Andrena bicolor |
Scathophaga stercoraria |
Limnophyes habilis |
Chlorops meigenii |
Egle ciliata |
Azana anomala |
Lamiogethes difficilis |
Anaspis garneysi | |
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Parasites: |
Rhytisma acerinum |
Sawadaea bicornis |
Cerrena unicolor |
Inonotus cuticularis |
Several Gracillariidae |
Bucculatrix thoracella |
Heterarthrus aceris |
Drisina glutinosa | |
| Herbivores: |
Acronicta psi |
Cnephasia asseclana |
Ypsolopha sequella Larva |
Tenthredo vespa Larva |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Mimas tiliae Larva |
Craesus septentrionalis |
Several Curculionidae |
Melolontha melolontha | ||||
| Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Alebra wahlbergi |
Edwardsiana frustrator |
Pulvinaria hydrangeae |
Philaenus spumarius | ||||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Ledra aurita |
Cixius nervosus |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale |
| Xylophages: |
Several Curculionidae (Wood Borers) |
Agrilus viridis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Chyliza leptogaster Larva | |
| Possible Xylophages: |
Dinoptera collaris Larva | |||
| Granivores: |
Pammene regiana Larva | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Miris striatus |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale | ||
| Bark Inhabitants: |
Mycena erubescens | |||
| Wood Decomposers: |
Coprinellus domesticus |
Calocera glossoides |
Xylaria longipes |
Xylaria polymorpha |
Lonchaea scutellaris Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists | |||
| Leaf Decomposers: |
Rhytisma acerinum |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 J.K. Lindsey
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