Tree
Bark |
Leaves |
Male Flower |
Female Flower |
Fruit
|
Bark |
Leaves |
|
Male Flower |
Female Flower |
Height: <40 m, Age: <500 yr
Ectomycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering March - April
(Earliest: 23.3)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoterpenoids | Cadinene, Camphene, Pinene | ||||
| Diterpenoids | Abietadiene, Abietane, Labdane, Pimarane | ||||
| Triterpenoids | Friedelin, Methylenecycloartanone, Methylenecycloartanol | ||||
| Flavonoids | Catechin, Epicatechin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Ferulic & Hydroxybenzoic Acids, Picein, Rheosmin, Tannins | ||||
| Other Acids | Larixinic | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Spruce Forest | |||
| Pollination: | Wind | |||
| Mycorrhizae: |
Several Boletaceae |
Several Suillaceae |
Gomphidius maculatus |
Paxillus involutus |
Chroogomphus rutilus |
Scleroderma citrinum |
Several Amanitaceae |
Many Inocybaceae | |
Hebeloma crustuliniforme |
Hebeloma mesophaeum |
Cortinarius camphoratus |
Tricholoma virgatum | |
Hygrophorus lucorum |
Entoloma vernum |
Many Russulaceae |
Clavulina coralloides | |
| Parasites: |
Melampsora epitea |
Phlebia pallidolivens |
Heterobasidion annosum |
Phaeolus schweinitzii |
Armillaria ostoyae | ||||
| Herbivores: |
Many Geometridae |
Several Noctuidae |
Many Tortricidae |
Sphinx pinastri |
Dioryctria abietella Larva |
Teleiodes saltuum Larva |
Coleophora laricella |
Pristiphora laricis Larva | |
Several Curculionidae |
Cryptocephalus pini | |||
| Sapivores: |
Several Miridae |
Troilus luridus | ||
| Xylophages: |
Several Curculionidae |
Molorchus minor Larva (Wood Borer) |
Obrium brunneum Larva (Wood Borer) |
Anthaxia quadripunctata Larva (Wood Borer) |
| Florivores: |
Eupithecia indigata Larva | |||
| Granivores: |
Loxia curvirostra |
Coccothraustes coccothraustes |
Gastrodes grossipes | |
| Bark Inhabitants: |
Cladonia coniocraea |
Physcia tenella |
Lecanora conizaeoides | |
| Wood Decomposers: |
Armillaria ostoyae |
Hypholoma capnoides |
Pholiota scamba |
Panellus mitis |
Pleurocybella porrigens |
Heterobasidion annosum |
Stereum sanguinolentum |
Tapinella atrotomentosa | |
Pseudohydnum gelatinosum |
Trichaptum abietinum |
Exidia saccharina |
Tubulicrinis subulatus | |
Tremella encephala |
Several Fomitopsidaceae |
Xenasmatella vaga |
Pezicula livida | |
Several Cerambycidae Larvae |
Several Curculionidae |
Urocerus gigas Larva |
Gymnosperm Generalists | |
| Needle Decomposers: |
Hemimycena lactea |
Gymnosperm Generalists |
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2012 J.K. Lindsey
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