Tree
Bark |
Leaves |
Male Flowers |
Female Flower |
Fruit |
 |
|
Bark |
Leaves |
|
Male Flowers |
Female Flower |
|
Fruit |
|
Height: <12 m, Age: <60 yr
Ectomycorrhizal, Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Persistent Seed Bank
Dioecious, Flowering March - April
(Earliest: 14.2)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Astragalin, Catechin, Cynaroside, Dihydrokaempferol, Dihydromyrcetin, Isoquercitrin,
Isorhamnetin, Luteolin, Naringenin, Quercetin, Quercimeritrin, Rutin, Taxifolin | ||||
| Other Phenolics |
Coniferyl & Paracoumaryl Alcohols, Salicylic & Vanillic Acids, Gallocatechin,
Saligenin, Sinapaldehyde, Tannins | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Many Apidae |
Allophroides boops |
Lamprotatus simillimus |
Several Nymphalidae |
Gonepteryx rhamni |
Many Syrphidae |
Scathophaga furcata |
Scathophaga stercoraria | |
Musca autumnalis |
Neomyia cornicina |
Melinda gentilis |
Pollenia rudis | |
Egle ciliata |
Tachina ursina |
Sepsis fulgens |
Limnophyes habilis | |
Rhamphomyia sulcata |
Mycomya tenuis |
Enoplops scapha | ||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Mycorrhizae: |
Several Cortinariaceae |
Several Entolomataceae |
Many Hymenogastraceae |
Many Inocybaceae |
Russula pelargonia | ||||
| Parasites: |
Rhytisma salicinum |
Monostichella salicis |
Erysiphe adunca |
Drepanopeziza triandrae |
Melampsora epitea |
Phellinopsis conchata |
Pholiota squarrosa |
Several Coleophoridae | |
Stigmella salicis |
Phyllonorycter salicicolella |
Gypsonoma dealbana |
Synanthedon formicaeformis Larva (Wood Borer) | |
Several Tenthredinidae |
Several Cecidomyiidae |
Aulagromyza tridentata |
Several Rhynchitidae Larvae | |
Several Curculionidae |
Saperda populnea Larva (Branch Gall) |
Trachys minutus | ||
| Possible Parasites: |
Apiognomonia errabunda |
Several Polyporaceae |
Bjerkandera fumosa |
Phellinus igniarius |
Inonotus hispidus |
Caloptilia stigmatella Larva |
Lyonetia clerkella |
Deporaus betulae | |
| Herbivores: |
Several Nymphalidae Larvae |
Several Erebidae |
Many Geometridae |
Several Lasiocampidae |
Many Noctuidae |
Many Notodontidae |
Many Tortricidae |
Aglia tau Larva | |
Saturnia pavonia |
Agonopterix conterminella Larva |
Agonopterix ocellana Larva |
Laothoe populi Larva | |
Cossus cossus |
Batrachedra praeangusta Larva |
Gelechia sororculella Larva |
Many Tenthredinidae | |
Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva |
Arge ustulata Larva |
Many Chrysomelidae |
Several Curculionidae | |
| Possible Herbivores: |
Several Erebidae |
Several Geometridae |
Several Noctuidae Larvae |
Several Notodontidae Larvae |
Many Tortricidae |
Diurnea fagella |
Endotricha flammealis Larva |
Many Tenthredinidae | |
Trichiosoma tibiale |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Many Curculionidae |
Melolontha melolontha | |
Phyllopertha horticola | ||||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Several Cicadellidae |
Several Miridae |
Aphrophora alni Nymph |
Aphrophora pectoralis |
Bactericera curvatinervis |
Bactericera striola |
Cixius nervosus | |
Pulvinaria hydrangeae | ||||
| Possible Sapivores: |
Several Cicadellidae |
Several Miridae |
Several Pentatomidae |
Elasmostethus interstinctus |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale |
Cixius distinguendus | |||
| Xylophages: |
Cervus elaphus |
Agrilus viridis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Anthaxia salicis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Chyliza leptogaster Larva |
| Possible Xylophages: |
Scolytus intricatus |
Paranthrene tabaniformis Larva | ||
| Florivores: |
Xanthia icteritia Larva |
Xanthia togata Larva |
Eupithecia subfuscata |
Eupithecia tenuiata Larva |
Gelechia muscosella Larva |
Epinotia demarniana Larva |
Egle parva Larva | ||
| Possible Florivores: |
Eana incanana |
Gypsonoma dealbana Larva |
Egle ciliata Larva |
Neolygus contaminatus |
| Granivores: |
Several Miridae | |||
| Possible Granivores: |
Closterotomus fulvomaculatus |
Neolygus viridis |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale | |
| Bark Inhabitants: |
Several Parmeliaceae |
Physcia adscendens |
Candelariella reflexa |
Amandinea punctata |
Xanthoria parietina |
Ramalina farinacea | |||
| Wood Decomposers: |
Several Strophariaceae |
Pleurotus ostreatus |
Pleurotus pulmonarius |
Flammulina velutipes |
Coprinopsis romagnesiana |
Stereum subtomentosum |
Scytinostroma portentosum |
Several Hymenochaetaceae | |
Exidia recisa |
Odonticium septocystidia |
Several Polyporaceae |
Bjerkandera fumosa | |
Junghuhnia nitida |
Trypophloeus asperatus |
Ampedus pomonae Larva |
Schizotus pectinicornis Larva | |
Dasiops perpropinquus Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists | |||
| Leaf Decomposers: |
Asteroma salicis |
Polyscytalum fecundissimum |
Rhytisma salicinum |
Adela cuprella Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Goat Willow
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2014 J.K. Lindsey
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