Tree

Bark	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: <20m, Age: <100 yr
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - June (Earliest: 1.5)

Protective Chemicals
Cyanogenic Glycosides	Amygdalin, Prunasin
Saponins	Ursolic Acid
Flavonoids	Isorhamnetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Sexangularetin
Other Phenolics	Tartaric Acid, Tannins
Amino Acids	Isobutylamine
Other Acids	Citric, Malic, Parasorbic
Biphenyls	Aucuparin, Hydroxyaucuparin, Isoaucuparin, Methoxyaucuparin, Noraucuparin
Dibenzofurans	Eriobofuran

Biotopes:	Hedge Rows	Beech Forest
Flower Visitors:	Andrena haemorrhoa	Andrena tibialis	Diadegma elishae	Aglais io
	Vanessa atalanta	Several Empididae	Bellardia viarum	Calliphora vicina
	Helina celsa	Helina veterana	Dolichopus brevipennis	Scathophaga stercoraria
	Helophilus pendulus	Cantharis pellucida	Malthodes marginatus	Synaptus filiformis
	Cychramus luteus	Rhabdomiris striatellus
Mycorrhizae:	Cortinarius cagei
Parasites:	Venturia inaequalis	Septoria sorbi	Phyllosticta sorbi	Podosphaera clandestina
	Schizothyrium pomi	Gymnosporangium cornutum	Pholiota squarrosa	Pleurotus dryinus
	Several Coleophoridae	Several Gracillariidae	Several Nepticulidae	Leucoptera malifoliella
	Lyonetia clerkella	Incurvaria pectinea	Paraswammerdamia nebulella	Swammerdamia compunctella Larva (Leaf Miner)
	Bucculatrix bechsteinella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Argyresthia sorbiella Larva (Stem Borer)	Rhamphus oxyacanthae Larva (Leaf Miner)	Trachys minutus
	Otiorhynchus coecus Larva	Eriophyes sorbi
Possible Parasites:	Aurantiporus fissilis	Cerrena unicolor	Inonotus hispidus	Bucculatrix thoracella
	Byctiscus betulae Larva	Neocoenorrhinus pauxillus Larva
Herbivores:	Aporia crataegi	Several Erebidae	Many Geometridae	Several Noctuidae
	Saturniidae	Several Tortricidae	Phalera bucephala	Ptilodon capucina Larva
	Yponomeuta evonymella	Yponomeuta padella	Lasiocampa quercus	Ypsolopha horridella
	Cilix glaucata Larva	Acrobasis advenella Larva	Many Tenthredinidae	Arge nigripes Larva
	Arge ustulata Larva	Trichiosoma sorbi	Trichiosoma tibiale	Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva
	Many Curculionidae	Involvulus cupreus	Gonioctena pallida	Lochmaea crataegi
Possible Herbivores:	Several Tortricidae	Phyllobius glaucus
Sapivores:	Acanthosomatidae	Several Cicadellidae	Cacopsylla crataegi	Cacopsylla sorbi
	Dysaphis sorbi	Rhopalosiphum insertum	Phytocoris dimidiatus	Plagiognathus arbustorum
	Pentatoma rufipes	Tachycixius pilosus	Pulvinaria hydrangeae
Possible Sapivores:	Several Miridae	Aphis fabae	Eriosoma lanigerum	Zygina flammigera
Xylophages:	Cervus elaphus	Synanthedon myopaeformis Larva (Wood Borer)	Several Curculionidae (Wood Borer)	Agrilus sinuatus Larva (Wood Borer)
	Anthaxia salicis Larva (Wood Borer)	Haplorhynchites caeruleus Larva	Chyliza leptogaster Larva
Florivores:	Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Larva
Possible Florivores:	Neolygus contaminatus	Meligethes atratus Larva
Frugivores:	Martes martes	Meles meles	Bombycilla garrulus	Turdus pilaris
	Miris striatus	Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale	Involvulus cupreus Larva	Tatianaerhynchites aequatus
	Hoplocampa alpina Larva	Grapholita tenebrosana Larva	Argyresthia conjugella Larva	Drosophila suzukii Larva
Possible Frugivores:	Closterotomus fulvomaculatus
Granivores:	Anthonomus rectirostris Larva
Bark Inhabitants:	Several Lecanoraceae	Physcia adscendens	Physcia tenella	Parmelina tiliacea
	Xanthoria parietina	Candelariella xanthostigma	Hypnum cupressiforme	Orthotrichum affine
Wood Decomposers:	Simocybe sumptuosa	Pleurotus pulmonarius	Hymenochaetopsis tabacina	Phellinus lundellii
	Odonticium septocystidia	Hyphodontia barba-jovis	Daedaleopsis confragosa	Sarcodontia delectans
	Cyanosporus subcaesia	Diplodia pyrenophora	Diaporthe impulsa	Xylaria longipes
	Corynespora cambrensis	Angiosperm Generalists
Fruit Decomposers:	Schizothyrium pomi

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Rowan

Pictures © 2003, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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