Tree

Bark	Leaf
Flower	Fruit

Height: <10 m, Age: <500 yr
Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal
Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering May - June (Earliest: 29.4)

Protective Chemicals
Cyanogenic Glycosides	Amygdalin
Saponins	Ursolic Acid
Other Triterpenoids	Butyrospermol
Flavonoids	Acetylvitexin, Catechin, Crateside, Epicatechin, Glycosylapigenin, Hyperoside, Procyanidin, Quercetin, Rutin, Vicenin, Vitexin
Tannins	Proanthocyanidin
Other Phenolics	Chlorogenic Acid
Amino Acids	Isoamylamine
Other Acids	Ascorbic
Sterols	Sitosterol

Biotopes:	Hedge Rows
Flower Visitors:	Many Apidae	Several Tenthredinidae	Arge cyanocrocea	Araschnia levana
	Vanessa atalanta	Callophrys rubi	Pseudopanthera macularia	Euclidia glyphica
	Adela reaumurella	Several Calliphoridae	Many Empididae	Several Muscidae
	Many Syrphidae	Chlorops calceatus	Fiebrigella palposa	Bibio lanigerus
	Scathophaga stercoraria	Egle parva	Sarcophaga carnaria	Rhagio scolopaceus
	Tachina fera	Several Cerambycidae	Several Scraptiidae	Byturus ochraceus
	Byturus tomentosus	Mordella holomelaena	Phyllodrepa melis	Meligethes atratus
	Agriotes pallidulus	Cantharis pellucida	Agelastica alni
Parasites:	Diplocarpon mespili	Sphaerulina oxyacanthae	Monilinia johnsonii	Taphrina crataegi
	Venturia crataegi	Podosphaera clandestina	Inonotus hispidus	Several Coleophoridae
	Several Gracillariidae	Several Nepticulidae	Leucoptera malifoliella	Lyonetia clerkella
	Paraswammerdamia nebulella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Swammerdamia compunctella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Gypsonoma dealbana	Incurvaria masculella Larva (Leaf Miner)
	Bucculatrix bechsteinella Larva (Leaf Miner)	Several Rhynchitidae Larvae	Several Curculionidae Larvae	Trachys minutus
	Dasineura crataegi	Resseliella crataegi Larva (Stem Gall)	Dysaphis crataegi	Phyllocoptes goniothorax
	Eriophyes crataegi
Herbivores:	Aporia crataegi	Nymphalis polychloros Larva	Polygonia c-album Larva	Several Erebidae
	Many Geometridae	Several Lasiocampidae	Many Noctuidae	Many Tortricidae
	Several Yponomeutidae	Ptilodon capucina Larva	Stauropus fagi Larva	Diurnea lipsiella
	Saturnia pavonia	Cilix glaucata Larva	Acrobasis advenella Larva	Ypsolopha scabrella Larva
	Several Tenthredinidae	Neurotoma saltuum	Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva	Arge melanochroa Larva
	Arge ustulata Larva	Trichiosoma tibiale	Many Chrysomelidae	Many Curculionidae
	Melolontha melolontha	Involvulus cupreus	Cepaea
Sapivores:	Acanthosomatidae	Several Aphididae	Several Cicadellidae	Several Cixiidae
	Many Miridae	Several Pentatomidae	Cacopsylla crataegi	Cacopsylla peregrina
	Pulvinaria hydrangeae
Xylophages:	Synanthedon myopaeformis Larva (Wood Borer)	Several Curculionidae (Wood Borer)	Tetrops praeustus Larva (Wood Borer)	Agrilus sinuatus Larva (Wood Borer)
	Haplorhynchites caeruleus Larva	Chyliza leptogaster Larva
Florivores:	Several Geometridae Larvae	Argyresthia curvella Larva	Meligethes atratus Larva	Meligethes flavimanus Larva
	Protaetia cuprea
Frugivores:	Grapholita janthinana Larva	Pammene rhediella Larva	Hoplocampa crataegi Larva	Closterotomus fulvomaculatus
	Miris striatus	Dolycoris baccarum	Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale	Several Rhynchitidae Larvae
	Byturus tomentosus	Drosophila suzukii Larva
Granivores:	Anthonomus rectirostris Larva	Torymus varians Larva
Bark Inhabitants:	Xanthoria parietina	Physcia adscendens	Melanelia subaurifera	Parmelia sulcata
	Lecanora carpinea
Nests:	Streptopelia turtur	Sylvia curruca	Laniidae	Emberiza citrinella
Wood Decomposers:	Psathyrella leucotephra	Tetrops praeustus Larva	Angiosperm Generalists
Leaf Decomposers:	Camposporium pellucidum	Venturia crataegi	Angiosperm Generalists
Fruit Decomposers:	Tubaria dispersa

Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora: Hawthorn

Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005 J.K. Lindsey

Caution

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