Nature Identification References - Hymenoptera

Identification Keys: Hymenoptera

[General], [Vertebrates], Insects, [Other Invertebrates], [Fungi], [Plants]

[General], [Coleoptera], [Diptera], [Hemiptera], Hymenoptera, [Lepidoptera], [Odonata], [Orthoptera], [Trichoptera], [Miscellaneous]
[General], Apoidea, [Braconidae], [Chalcidoidea], [Cynipoidea], [Ichneumonidae], [Proctotrupoidea], [Symphyta], [Vespoidea], [Other]

Alfken, J.D. (1899) "Anthrena afzeliella Kirby und Verwandte." Entomologische Nachrichten 25: 102-106.

Alfken, J.D. (1899) "Halictus tumulorum L. und seine Verwandten." Entomologische Nachrichten 25: 114-127.

Alfken, J.D. (1914) "Halictus minutissimus K. und seine Verwandten. (Hym.)." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift pp.281-282.

Alfken, J.D. (1924) "Die vier großen Megachile-Arten Deutschlands." Konowia (Vienna) 3: 210-215.

Alfken, J.D. (1924) "Megachile centuncutaris L. und ihre Verwandten." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1924: 355-360.

Amiet, F. Herrmann, M., Müller, A., & Neumeyer, R. (2004) Apidae Teil 4. Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Neuchâtel: Fauna Helvetica 9.

Amiet, F. Herrmann, M., Müller, A., & Neumeyer, R. (2007) Apidae Teil 5. Ammobates, Ammobatoides, Anthophora, Biastes, Ceratina, Dasypoda, Epeoloides, Epeolus, Eucera, Macropis, Melecta, Melitta, Nomada, Pasites, Tetralonia, Thyreus, Xylocopa. Neuchâtel: Fauna Helvetica 20.

Ariana, A., Scheuchl, E., Tadauchi, O., & Gusenleitner, F. (2009) "A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Andrena (Brachyandrena) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)." Zootaxa 2281: 21-39.

Ball, J.F. (1914) "Les bourdons de la Belgique." Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 58: 77-108.

Ball, J.F. (1920) " Notes supplémentaires sur les bourdons de la Belgique." Bulletin & Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique 60: 31-43.

Benoist, R. (1941) "Remarques sur quelques espèces de Mégachiles principalement de la faune française (Hymen. Apidae)." Annales de la Société entomologique de France 109: 41-88.

Bitsch, J. (2010) "Compléments au volume 2 des Hyménoptères Sphecidae d'Europe occidentale (Faune de France 82)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 115: 99-136.

Bitsch, J. & Leclercq, J. (1993) Hyménoptères Sphecidae d'Europe occidentale. Vol. 1. Généralités - Crabroninae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France.

Bitsch, J. & Leclercq, J. (2009) "Compléments au volume 1 des Hyménoptères Sphecidae d'Europe occidentale (Faune de France 79)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 114: 211-244.

Bitsch, J., Barbier, Y., Gayubo, S.F., Schmidt, K., & Ohl, M. (1997) Hyménoptères Sphecidae d'Europe occidentale. Vol. 2. Paris: Éditions Faune de France.

Bitsch, J., Dollfuss, H., Boucek, Z., Schmidt, K., Schmid-Egger, C., Gayubo, S.F., Antropov, A.V., & Barbier, Y. (2007, 2e edn) Hyménoptères Sphecidae d'Europe occidentale. Vol. 3. Paris: Éditions Faune de France.

Bogusch, P. & Straka, J. (2012) "Review and identification of the cuckoo bees of central Europe (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Sphecodes)." Zootaxa 3311: 1-41.

Budrys, E. (2001) "Mimumesa littoralis (Bondroit), M. oresterus (van Lith), and M. unicolor (Vander Linden): notes on similarity, synonymy, and identification (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 32: 177-190.

Celary, W. (2005) Melittidae of Poland (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) their Biodiversity and Biology. Kraków: Polish Academy of Sciences.

Chorein, A. (2007) Systématique et Chorologie des Anthophorini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de Belgique et du Nord de la France, avec une Première Analyse de leurs Sécrétions volatiles. Université de Mons-Hainaut: Mémoire de Fin d'Études.

Dathe, H.H. (1980) "Die Arten der Gattung Hylaeus F. in Europa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae)." Mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen Museum 56: 207-294. Traduction francaise "Les espèces du genre Hylaeus en Europe (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae)." 95 pages.

Diestelhorst, O. & Lunau, K. (2008) "Beitrag zur Klärung des Artstatus von Nomada goodeniana (Kirby, 1802) und Nomada succincta Panzer, 1798 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." Entomologie heute 20: 165-171.

Dollfuss, H. (1995) "A worldwide revision of Pemphredon Latreille 1796 (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)." Linzer biologische Beiträge 27: 905-1019.

Ebmer, P.A.W. (1971) "Die Bienen des Genus Halictus Latr. s.1. im Grossraum von Linz (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Teil III. Lasioglossum (Evylaeus Rob.)" Naturkundliches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz pp.63-156.

Ebmer, P.A.W. (1973) "Die Bienen des Genus Halictus Latr. s.1. im Grossraum von Linz (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Nachtrag und zweiter Anhang" Naturkundliches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz pp.123-144.

Ebmer, P.A.W. (1987) "Die europaïschen Arten der Gattungcn Halictus Latreille 1804 und Lasioglossum Curtis 1833 mit illustrierten Bestimmungstabellen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae: Halictinae). 1. Allgemeiner teil. Tabelle der Gattungen." Senckenbergiana biologica 68: 59-148.

Edwards, M. & Jenner, M. (2005) Field Guide to the Bumblebees of Great Briain & Ireland. London: Ocelli.

Eversmann, E. (1852) "Fauna hymenopterologica Volga-Uralensis. (Continuatio)." Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 25(2)3: 1-137.

Falk, S. (2015) Field Guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Bloomsbury.

Falk, S.J. & Early, J. (2021) "Pemphredon fabriscii (Hymenoptera: Crabonidae) new to Britain." British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 34: 23-33.

FitzPatrick, Ú. (2013)Simple Guides to Solitary Bees in Ireland. Part 1 How to tell it's a bee. How to identify to genus. How to tell males from females. Part 2 Guide to species. Part 3 Guide to Nomada. Part 4 Guide to Andrena females. Dublin: National Biodiversity Data Centre.

Friese, H. (1887) "Species aliquot novae generis Andrena Fabr." Természetrajzi Füzetek 11: 21-26.

Friese H. (1895-1901) Die Bienen Europa's (Apidae europaeae).Theil I. Schmarotzerbienen. Theil II. Solitäre Apiden. Genus Eucera. Theil III. Solitäre Apiden. Genus Podalirius.Theil VI. Solitäre Apiden: Subfam. Panurginae, Melittinae, Xylocopinae. Berlin: R. Friedländer.

Gerstaecker, A. (1869) "Beiträge zur näheren Kenntnis einiger Bienen-Gattungen." Entomologische Zeitung 30: 139-184, 315-367.

Grünwaldt, W., Osytshnjuk, A.Z., & Scheuchl, E. (2005) "Neue Andrena-Arten aus der Paläarktis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andreninae)." Entomofauna Zeitschrift für Entomologie 26:349-368.

Hamm, A.H. & Richards, O.W. (1926) "The biology of the British Crabronidae." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 74: 297-331.

Hamm, A.H. & Richards, O.W. (1930) "The biology of the British fossorial wasps of the families Mellinidae, Gorytidae, Philanthidae, Oxybelidae, and Trypoxylidae." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 78: 95-131.

Herrich-Schaeffer, F. (1839) "Auseinandersetzung der europäischen Arten einiger Bienengattungen. Gattung Nomada." Zeitschrift für die Entomologie 1: 267-288.

Illiger, J.K.W. (1806) "William Kirby's Familien der Bienenartigen Insekten mit Zusätzen Nachweisungen und Bemerkungen." Magazin für Insektenkunde 5: 28-175.

Imhoff, L. (1832) "Entomologica." Isis von Oken 25: 1198-1208.

Jacobs, H.J. (2007) Die Grabwespen Deutschlands. Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae. Keltern: Goecke & Evers.

Jacobs, H.J. & Schmid-Egger, C. (2014) "Crossocerus italicus de Beaumont, 1959 in the Southern Alps with a key to the species of the Crossocerus elongatulus species group (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)." Ampulex 6: 27-30.

Kirby, W. (1802) Monographia Apum Angliae; or an Attempt to Divide into their Natural Genera and Families, such Species of the Linnean Genus as have been Discovered in England with Descriptions and Observations. 2 Vol. Ipswich: J. Row.

Koster, A. (1986) "Het genus Hylaeus in Nederland (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) (with a key to the species of NW. Europe in English)." Zoologische Bijdragen 36: 1-120.

Latreille, P.A. (1811) "Nomada." in Olivier, G.A. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Encyclopédie Methodique 8: 362-373.

Latreille, P.A. (1811) "Panurgus." in Olivier, M. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Encyclopédie Methodique 8: 718-720.

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A.L.M. (1832) "Mémoire sur le G. Gorytes Latr. Arpactus. Jur." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 1: 52-79.

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A.L.M. (1832) "Observations sur l'ouvrage intitulé: 'bombi scandinaviae monographice tractato, etc., à Gustav. Dahlbom.'". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 1: 366-382.

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A.L.M. & Brullé, A. (1835) "Monographie du genre Crabro, de la famille des Hyménoptères fouisseurs." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 3: 683-810.

Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A.L.M. & Serville, J.G. (1828) "Trypoxylon." in Latreille, M. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Crutacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes. Tome 10. Paris: Agasse, pp.749-750.

Løken, A. (1973) "Studies on Scandinavian Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." Norsk entomologisk Tidsskrift 20: 1-218.

Løken, A. (1984) "Scandinavian species of the genus Psithyrus Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Entomologica Scandinavica 23: 1-45.

Michez, D. & Eardley, C. (2007) "Monographic revision of the bee genus Melitta Kirby 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)." Annales de la Société entomologique de France 43: 379-440.

Michez, D. & Patiny, S. (2005) "World revision of the oil-collecting bee genus Macropis Panzer 1809 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) with a description of a new species from Laos." Annales de la Société entomologique de France 41: 15-28.

Michez, D., Rasmont, P., Terzo, M., & Vereecken, N.J. (2019) Hymenoptera of Europe. 1. Bees of Europe. Verrières-le-Buisson: N.A.P. Editions.

Michez, D., Terzo, M., & Rasmont, P. (2004) "Révision des espèces ouest-paléarctiques du genre Dasypoda Latreille 1802 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae)." Linzer Biologische Beitrage 36: 847-900.

Mokrousov, M.V., Proshchalykin, M,Y., & Aibek, U. (2020) "Review of the Palaearctic species of Lestiphorus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae)." Far Eastern Entomologist 416: 18-28.

Müller, O.F. (1766) "Manipulus Insectorum Taurinensium a Carolo Allionio editus." Mélanges de Philosophie et de Mathematique de la Société Royale de Turin 3: 185-198.

Müller, A. (2014) "Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Chlidoplitis and Megahoplitis (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species." Zootaxa 3765: 161-174.

Müller, A. (2014) "Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenus Stenosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species." Zootaxa 3765: 301-316.

Müller, A. (2015) "Palaearctic Chelostoma bees of the subgenus Gyrodromella (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species." Zootaxa 3936: 408-420.

Müller, A. & Trunz, V. (2014) "Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species." Zootaxa 3765: 175-186.

Nemkov, P.G. (2012) "Digger wasps of the genus Stizoides Guérin-Méneville (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Bembicinae) of the fauna of Russia and neighboring countries." Far Eastern Entomologist 247: 8-13.

Nemkov, P.G. (2014) "The digger wasps of the genus Alysson Panzer (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae) of Russia and adjacent territories, with a key to species and new synonymies." Zootaxa 3838: 276-286.

Notton, D.G. & Dathe, H.H. (2008) "William Kirby's types of Hylaeus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London." Journal of Natural History 42: 1861-1865.

Nylander, W. (1848) "Adnotationes in expositionem monographicam apum borealium." Notiser ur Saellskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Foerhandlingar 1: 165-282.

Nylander, W. (1852) "Supplementum adnotationum in expositionem apum borealium." Notiser ur Saellskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Foerhandlingar 2: 93-107.

Nylander, W. (1852) "Revisio synoptica apum borealium, comparatis speciebus europa mediae." Notiser ur Saellskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Foerhandlingar 3: 225-286.

Osytshnyuk, A.Z. (1978) Clés de Détermination des Insectes de la Partie européenne de l'U.R.S.S. Tome III. Hyménoptères. Première partie. Extrait: Superfamille Apoidea (apoïdes). Andrenidae. Mémoire de traduction, Université de Mons-Hainaut. Atlas hymenoptera

Patiny, S. (1999) "Revision des Panurginae ouest-palearctiques n'appartenant pas à la tribu des Melitturgini Michener, 1944. Partie 1: Panurgus Panzer, 1806 et Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843 (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)." Entomofauna. Zeitschrift für Entomologie 20: 309-328.

Patiny, S. & Terzo, M. (2010) Catalogue et Clé des Sous-genres et Espèces du Genre Andrena de Belgique et du Nord de la France (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Atlas hymenoptera

Pauly A. (2015) Clés illustrées pour l'Identification des Abeilles de Belgique et des Régions limitrophes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). I. Halictidae. Document de Travail du Projet BELBEES.

Pauly, A. (2015) Clés illustrées pour l'Identification des Abeilles de Belgique et des Régions limitrophes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). II. Megachilidae. Document de Travail du Projet Belbees.

Pérez, J. (1890) "Descriptions des espèces nouvelles d'apidés contenues dans ce catalogue." Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux 44: 189-195.

Pérez, J. (1902) "Espèces nouvelles de Mellifères (palearctiques)." Extraits des Comptes rendus des Séances de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 57: XLIII-XLVIII, LVII-LXVIII, CXIX-CXXII, CLXXIV-CLXXIX.

Pérez, J. (1903) "Espèces nouvelles de Mellifères (palearctiques)." Extraits des Comptes rendus des Séances de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux 58: LXXVII-XCIII, CCVII-CCXXVI.

Perkins, R.C.L. (1914) "Andrena mixta, Schenck : a species hitherto unrecorded from Britain." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 50: 144-145.

Perkins, R.C.L. (1914) "Change of name for Andrena amligua, Perk." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 50: 95.

Perkins, R.C.L. (1914) "Synopsis of the British forms of the Andrena minutula group." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 50: 71-75, 112-115.

Perkins, R.C.L. (1919) "The British Species of Andrena and Nomada." Transactions of the Entomological Society of London pp.218-319.

Pesenko, Yu.A. (2004) "The phylogeny and classification of the tribe Halictini, with special reference to the Halictus genus-group (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)." Zoosystematica Rossica 13: 83-113.

Pesenko, Yu.A., Banaszak, J., Radchenko, V.G., & Chiersniak, T. (2000) Bees of the Family Halictidae (excluding Sphecodes) of Poland: Taxonomy, Ecology, Bionomics. Bydgoszczy: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyzszej Szkoly Pedagogicznej.

Rasmont P. & Terzo M. (2010) Catalogue et clé des sous-genres et espèces du genre Bombus de Belgique et du nord de la France (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Mons.

Richards, O.W. (1944) "Observations on Aculeate Hymenoptera." Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A19: 133-136.

Rowson, R. & Pavett, M. (2008) A Visual Guide for the Identification of British Coelioxys Bees. BWARS.

Say, T. (1824) "Appendix." in Keating, W.H. (Ed.), Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winne peek, Lake of the Woods, performed in the year 1823 by order of the Hon. J.C. Calhoun. Vol.II. Philadelphia: Carey & Lea, pp.253-459.

Schenck, A. (1853) "Nachtrag zu der Beschreibung nassauischcr Bienenarten (Heft VII., Abth. 2)." Jahrbücher des Vereins für Naturkunde im Herzogthum 8: 88-307.

Schenck, A. (1857) "Beschreibung der in Nassau aufgefundenen Grabwespen." Jahrbücher des Vereins für Naturkunde im Herzogtum Nassau 12: 1-341.

Schenck, A. (1869) "Beschreibung der nassauischen Bienen. Zweiter Nachtrag." Jahrbücher des Vereins für Naturkunde im Herzogtum Nassau 21-22: 269-382.

Scheuchl, E. (2002, 2006) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wildbienen Deutschlands und Osterreichs. Band I. Anthophoridae Band II. Megachilidae - Melittidae. Stenstrup: Apollo Books.

Scheuchl, E. (2010) "Beitrag zur Kenntnis westpaläarktischer Bienen der Gattung Andrena (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andreninae)." Linzer biologische Beiträge 42: 1445-1455.

Schmid-Egger, C. (2002) "Key and new records for the western palaearctic species of Gorytes Latreille 1804 with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Bembicinae)." Linzer biologische Beiträge 34: 167-190.

Schmid-Egger, C. & Straka, J. (2019) "Miscophus Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe." Zootaxa 4571: 334-346.

Schmidt, K. (2000) "Bestimmungstabelle der Gattung Cerceris Latreille, 1802 in Europa, dem Kaukasus, Kleinasien, Palästina und Nordafrika (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Philanthinae)." Stapfia 71: 3-251.

Schmiedeknecht, O. (1882-6) Apidae europaeae (Die bienen Europa's) per genera, species et varietates dispositae atque descriptae. Gumperda & Berlin: R. Friedlander.

Schreber, J.C.D. (1784) "Antwort" in von Scheven, G.T. "Schreiben über die im 15. Stück des Naturforschers, S. 15. u. f. beschriebenen Arten der Siebbienen, nebst der Antwort." Der Naturforscher 20: 79-105.

Schwarz, M. & Gusenleitner, F. (2015) "Über den Verbleib der von Schmiedeknecht 1882 beschriebenen Nomada-Arten und Festlegung von Lectotypen der aufgefundenen Arten. Mit zusätzlichen Ergänzungen und Beschreibungen zu einigen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Nomadinae)." Linzer Biologische Beitrage 47: 1003-1044.

Schwenninger, H.R. (2015) "Revision of the Western Palaearctic species of the Andrena taraxaci-group with description of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)." Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 8: 251-270.

Seidl, W.B. (1837) "Die in Böhmen vorkommenden Hummelarten." Beiträge zur gesammten Natur- und Heilwissenschaft 2: 65-73. [pdf completely mangled!]

Smith, F. (1844) "Descriptions of the British mason-bees etc. (genus Osmia of Panzer), being a section of the Dasygastres, or hairy-bellied bees of Latreille: with details of their economy." The Zoologist 2: 737-748.

Smith, F. (1844) "Descriptions of the British species of leaf-cutter bees (Megachile of authors); with observations on their economy." The Zoologist 2: 689-697.

Smith, F. (1844) "Notes on various hymenopterous insects, and descriptions of two new British bees." The Zoologist 2: 405-410.

Smith, F. (1845) "Descriptions of the British species of bees belonging to the genera Anthophora and Saropoda of Latreille; with observations on their economy." The Zoologist 3: 890-896.

Smith, F. (1845) "Descriptions of the British species of bees belonging to the genus Sphecodes of Latreille." The Zoologist 3: 1011-1015.

Smith, F. (1845) "Descriptions of the British species of bees belonging to the genera Melecta (Latreille), Epeolus (Latreille), Coelioxys (Latreille), and Stelis (Panzer)." The Zoologist 3: 1146-1155.

Smith, F. (1845[1842]) "Descriptions of nine British species of the genus Hylgeus, Latr.; together with some notes on the economy of Osmia leucomelana and Epeolus variegatus." Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 4: 29-35.

Smith, F. (1846) "A supplementary paper containing descriptions of a few species of bees recently discovered, or omitted in the descriptions of the genera to which they belong." The Zoologist 4: 1566-1568.

Smith, F. (1846) "Description of the British species of bees belonging to the genera Chelostoma, Heriades, Ceratina, Eucera, Panurgus, and Anthidiam; with observations on their economy." The Zoologist 4: 1445-1454.

Smith, F. (1846) "Description of the British species of bees comprised in the genera Colletes of Latreille and Macropis of Klug; with observations on their economy." The Zoologist 4: 1274-1281.

Smith, F. (1847) "Description of British Bees belonging to the Genus Andrena of Fabricius." The Zoologist 5: 1662-1670, 1732-1753, 1916-1931.

Smith, F. (1848) "Appendix to F. Smith's Descriptions of British Bees." The Zoologist 6: 2209-2216.

Smith, F. (1848) "Descriptions of the British Species of Bees belonging to the Genus Halictus of Latreille." The Zoologist 6: 2037-2044, 2100-2108, 2167-2175.

Smith, F. (1848) "Descriptions of the British Species of Bees belonging to the Genus Hylaeus, Fab. Ent. Syst. 1793, and Prosopis of the same Author, Syst. Piezat. 1804; and also of the Genus Cilissa of Leach." The Zoologist 6: 2200-2209.

Smith, F. (1849) "Descriptions of new species of British Bees" The Zoologist 7: lvii-ix.

Sraka, J. & Bogusch, P. (2011) "Contribution to the taxonomy of the Hylaeus gibbus species group in Europe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Colletidae)." Zootaxa 2932: 51-67.

Stubbs, A. (2007) Hylaeus Test Key. Buglife

Viereck, H.L. (1916) "Preoccupied names in the genus Andrena (Hymenoptera)." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 29: 127.

Vikberg, V.V. (2000) "A re-evaluation of five European species of Spilomena with a key to European species and relevance to the fauna of North Europe, especially Finland (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae)." Entomologica Fennica 11: 35-55.

Von Hagens, D. (1882) "Ueber die männlichen Genitalien der Bienen - Gattung Sphecodes." Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 26: 209-228.

Warncke, K. 1968. Die Untergattungen der westpaläarktischen Bienengattung Andrena F. Memorioas e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra, 307: 1-108. Atlas hymenoptera

Williams, R. (ed. 2012) An Introduction to Bees in Britain. BWARS Downloads.

Williams, P.H., Cameron, S.A., Hines, H.M., Cederberg, B., & Rasmont, P. (2008) "A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus)." Apidologie 39: 46-74.

Willmer, P. (1985) Bees, Ants and Wasps. The British Aculeates. Taunton: Field Studies Council.

Wolf, S., Rohde, M., & Moritz, R.F.A. (2010) "The reliability of morphological traits in the differentiation of Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Apidologie 41: 45-53.

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