Heracleum sphondylium Linnaeus 1753 (Family Apiaceae)
Colour Variant |
Height: 50-150cm
Occasionally Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Biennial/Perennial, Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering June - August
(Earliest: 1.5)
Protective Chemicals |
Coumarins |
Osthol, Umbelliferone |
Furanocoumarins |
Bergapten, Imperatorin, Isopimpinellin,
Methoxsalen, Pimpinellin, Sphondin |
Phenolics |
Asarone, Methyl Isoeugenol |
Acids |
Linoleic, Petroselinic |
Polyacetylenes |
Cetyl Alcohol, Falcarindiol, Falcarinol, Octanol |
Sterols |
Sitosterol |
Biotopes: |
Meadows |
Hedge Rows |
Flower Visitors: |
Many Apidae |
Most Argidae |
Many Braconidae |
Many Crabronidae |
|
Many Figitidae |
Gasteruptionidae |
Many Ichneumonidae |
Several Pompilidae |
|
Several Pteromalidae |
Many Tenthredinidae |
Several Torymidae |
Many Vespidae |
|
Leucospis dorsigera |
Tiphia minuta |
Synacra holconota |
Chrysis ignita |
|
Monosapyga clavicornis |
Brachyserphus parvulus |
Myrmica rubra |
Several Nymphalidae |
|
Pieris napi |
Callophrys rubi |
Lycaena phlaeas |
Several Erebidae |
|
Many Geometridae |
Several Noctuidae |
Many Tortricidae |
Gillmeria ochrodactyla |
|
Stenoptilia aridus |
Yponomeuta evonymella |
Yponomeuta padella |
Crambus lathoniellus |
|
Crambus perlella |
Mompha conturbatella |
Nemophora degeerella |
Anthophila fabriciana |
|
Luquetia lobella |
Adscita statices |
Several Anthomyiidae |
Several Calliphoridae |
|
Several Chloropidae |
Several Conopidae |
Many Empididae |
Several Fanniidae |
|
Several Keroplatidae |
Several Lauxaniidae |
Many Muscidae |
Several Mycetophilidae |
|
Several Sarcophagidae |
Several Scathophagidae |
Several Scatopsidae |
Several Sciaridae |
|
Several Sepsidae |
Many Syrphidae |
Several Tabanidae |
Many Tachinidae |
|
Several Tipulidae |
Suillia fuscicornis |
Suillia gigantea |
Bibio johannis |
|
Dilophus febrilis |
Chloromyia formosa |
Microchrysa polita |
Palloptera umbellatarum |
|
Temnosira saltuum |
Seioptera vibrans |
Physiphora alceae |
Dolichopus ungulatus |
|
Hercostomus gracilis |
Coenomyia ferruginea |
Paraclusia tigrina |
Rhagio vitripennis |
|
Phora stictica |
Macrolabis heraclei |
Ochlerotatus geniculatus |
Setisquamalonchaea fumosa |
|
Camilla glabra |
Drosophila suzukii |
Serromyia atra |
Opomyza florum |
|
Many Cantharidae |
Many Cerambycidae |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Many Elateridae |
|
Several Mordellidae |
Several Nitidulidae |
Most Oedemeridae |
Several Rutelidae |
|
Several Scraptiidae |
Oxythyrea funesta |
Trichius fasciatus |
Byturus ochraceus |
|
Byturus tomentosus |
Anthomalachius strangulatus |
Malachius bipustulatus |
Otiorhynchus ovatus |
|
Polydrusus cervinus |
Dasytes niger |
Pyrochroa coccinea |
Propylea quatuordecimpunctata |
|
Lagria hirta |
Philonthus politus |
Antherophagus pallens |
Sphaeridium lunatum |
|
Anatis ocellata |
Anthrenus verbasci |
Harmonia axyridis |
Trichodes apiarius |
|
Many Miridae |
Coreus marginatus |
Dolycoris baccarum |
Ecclisopteryx guttulata |
|
Limnephilus sparsus |
Panorpa communis |
Panorpa vulgaris |
Chrysoperla carnea |
|
Nothochrysa capitata |
Parasites: |
Parsnip Yellow Fleck sequivirus |
Phloeospora heraclei |
Ramularia heraclei |
Erysiphe heraclei |
|
Protomyces macrosporus |
Epermenia chaerophyllella |
Cnephasia incertana |
Several Agromyzidae |
|
Cheilosia illustrata Larva (Root & Stem Borer) |
Cheilosia pagana Larva (Root & Stem Borer) |
Temnosira saltuum Larva (Stem Borer) |
Macrolabis heraclei Larva (Leaf Gall) |
|
Several Cerambycidae Larvae (Stem Borers) |
Otiorhynchus coecus Larva |
Herbivores: |
Papilio machaon |
Several Tortricidae |
Autographa pulchrina |
Helicoverpa armigera |
|
Agonopterix ciliella |
Agonopterix heracliana Larva |
Udea lutealis Larva |
Eupithecia vulgata Larva |
|
Several Tenthredinidae Larvae |
Liophloeus tessulatus |
Liparus germanus |
Chrysolina oricalcia |
Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Several Pentatomidae |
Orthops campestris |
Eupteryx aurata |
Florivores: |
Depressaria radiella |
Sitochroa palealis Larva |
Eupithecia tripunctaria |
Tettigonia viridissima |
Granivores: |
Pammene aurana Larva |
Sitochroa palealis Larva |
Orthops basalis |
Decomposers: |
Ascochyta grovei |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Hogweed
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2013 J.K. Lindsey
Caution
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Ecology of Commanster