Tree
Bark |
Leaf |
Male Flowers |
Female Flowers 
Fruit |
|
Bark |
Leaf |
|
Male Flowers |
Female Flowers
Fruit |
Height: <20 m, Age: <100 yr
Occasionally Ecto- or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Monoecious, Flowering March - April
(Earliest: 14.2)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Triterpenoids | Anulin | ||||
| Flavonoids | Quercetin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Caftaric, Chicoric, Ferulic,
Gentisic, & Sinapic Acids, Tannins | ||||
| Other Acids | Abscisic, Carboxylic, Quinic | ||||
| Polyhydroxysteroids | Brassinolide, Castasterone | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Wet Forest | |||
| Pollination: | Wind | |||
| Seed Dispersal: | Wind | |||
| Mycorrhizae: |
Paxillus rubicundulus |
Several Russulaceae |
Several Entolomataceae |
Several Hymenogastraceae |
Many Inocybaceae |
Cortinarius pluvius |
Cortinarius violaceus |
Thelephora terrestris | |
| Parasites: |
Gnomoniella tubaeformis |
Capnodium citri |
Taphrina tosquinetii |
Inonotus cuticularis |
Phellinus igniarius |
Fomitopsis pinicola |
Bjerkandera fumosa |
Aurantiporus fissilis | |
Cerrena unicolor |
Several Gracillariidae |
Epinotia tetraquetrana Larva (Stem Borer) |
Gypsonoma dealbana | |
Coleophora serratella |
Bucculatrix thoracella |
Incurvaria pectinea |
Fenusa dohrnii Larva | |
Several Rhynchitidae |
Several Curculionidae Larvae (Leaf Miners) |
Aceria nalepai (Leaf Gall) |
Eriophyes laevis (Leaf Gall) | |
| Herbivores: |
Capreolus capreolus |
Apatura ilia Larva |
Apatura iris Larva |
Several Drepanidae |
Many Geometridae |
Several Noctuidae |
Several Notodontidae |
Saturniidae | |
Many Tortricidae |
Malacosoma neustria |
Poecilocampa populi |
Lymantria monacha Larva | |
Endromis versicolora Larva |
Carpatolechia proximella Larva |
Cossus cossus |
Ypsolopha parenthesella Larva | |
Cryptoblabes bistriga |
Mimas tiliae Larva |
Many Tenthredinidae |
Trichiosoma lucorum | |
Several Chrysomelidae |
Many Curculionidae | |||
| Sapivores: |
Acanthosomatidae |
Many Cicadellidae |
Many Miridae |
Several Pentatomidae |
Cixius nervosus |
Cixius simplex |
Aphrophora alni |
Centrotus cornutus | |
Psylla alni | ||||
| Xylophages: |
Castor fiber |
Synanthedon spheciformis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Agrilus angustulus Larva (Wood Borer) |
Agrilus viridis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Several Curculionidae |
Pachytodes cerambyciformis Larva (Root Borer) | |||
| Florivores: |
Several Tortricidae |
Argyresthia brockeella |
Argyresthia goedartella Larva |
Eupithecia subfuscata |
Neolygus contaminatus | ||||
| Granivores: |
Carduelis carduelis |
Spinus spinus |
Several Miridae |
Kleidocerys resedae |
Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale |
Stathmopoda pedella Larva | |||
| Bark Inhabitants: |
Hypogymnia physodes |
Parmelia sulcata |
Lecanora carpinea |
Pertusaria amara |
Cladonia coniocraea |
Dacrymyces enatus |
Polydesmia pruinosa |
Hypnum cupressiforme | |
Rhypholophus varius Larva | ||||
| Wood Decomposers: |
Agrocybe firma |
Pholiota gummosa |
Flammula alnicola |
Flammulina velutipes |
Mycenella margaritispora |
Panellus stipticus |
Schizophyllum commune |
Pleurotus pulmonarius | |
Crepidotus bresadolae |
Radulomyces confluens |
Pluteus insidiosus |
Stereum subtomentosum | |
Several Hymenochaetaceae |
Plicaturopsis crispa |
Vuilleminia comedens |
Dacrymyces lacrymalis | |
|
Several Meruliaceae |
Several Polyporaceae |
Hypoxylon fuscum |
Diatrypella favacea | |
Mollisia ramealis |
Platystomos albinus Larva |
Trypophloeus asperatus |
Schizotus pectinicornis Larva | |
Angiosperm Generalists | ||||
| Leaf Decomposers: |
Leucocybe candicans |
Fayodia bisphaerigera |
Gnomoniella tubaeformis |
Adela reaumurella Larva |
Nemophora degeerella Larva |
Angiosperm Generalists |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Skye Flora:
Alder
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 J.K. Lindsey
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