Tree
Bark |
Leaf |
Flowers |
Fruit |
|
Bark |
Leaf |
|
Flowers |
Fruit |
Height: <10 m, Age: <100 yr
Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizal
Lacks Persistent Seed Bank
Hermaphrodite, Flowering April - May
(Earliest: 24.4)
| Protective Chemicals | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanogenic Glycosides | Amygdalin | ||||
| Saponins | Ursolic Acid | ||||
| Flavonoids | Apigenin, Catechin, Cosmosiin, Cynaroside, Epicatechin,
Glucopyranoside, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Phloretin, Phloridzin, Quercetin | ||||
| Other Phenolics | Benzoic & Gallic Acids, Malvin, Tannins | ||||
| Other Acids | Malic | ||||
| Biotopes: |
Hedge Rows | |||
| Flower Visitors: |
Bombus lucorum |
Empis ciliata | ||
| Parasites: |
Viscum album |
Venturia inaequalis |
Schizothyrium pomi |
Aurantiporus fissilis |
Cerrena unicolor |
Inonotus hispidus |
Phellinus igniarius |
Pholiota squarrosa | |
Several Coleophoridae |
Several Gracillariidae |
Several Nepticulidae |
Leucoptera malifoliella | |
Lyonetia clerkella |
Bucculatrix bechsteinella Larva (Leaf Miner) |
Incurvaria pectinea |
Several Rhynchitidae Larvae | |
Several Curculionidae Larvae |
Trachys minutus |
Tetranychus mcdanieli | ||
| Herbivores: |
Aporia crataegi |
Nymphalis polychloros Larva |
Several Erebidae |
Many Geometridae |
Many Noctuidae |
Many Tortricidae |
Swammerdamia pyrella Larva |
Yponomeuta padella | |
Phalera bucephala |
Stauropus fagi Larva |
Malacosoma neustria |
Trichiura crataegi Larva | |
Ypsolopha horridella |
Ypsolopha scabrella Larva |
Carcina quercana Larva |
Nola confusalis | |
Phycita roborella Larva |
Cossus cossus |
Cilix glaucata Larva |
Caliroa cerasi | |
Pamphilius sylvaticus Larva |
Many Curculionidae |
Luperus longicornis |
Phyllopertha horticola | |
Involvulus cupreus | ||||
| Sapivores: |
Several Aphididae |
Many Cicadellidae |
Many Miridae |
Palomena prasina |
Pentatoma rufipes |
Cixius nervosus |
Tachycixius pilosus |
Cacopsylla crataegi | |
| Xylophages: |
Synanthedon myopaeformis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Several Curculionidae (Wood Borer) |
Dinoptera collaris Larva |
Tetrops praeustus Larva |
Agrilus sinuatus Larva (Wood Borer) |
Anthaxia salicis Larva (Wood Borer) |
Haplorhynchites caeruleus Larva | ||
| Florivores: |
Pasiphila rectangulata Larva |
Argyresthia curvella Larva | ||
| Frugivores: |
Vulpes vulpes |
Meles meles |
Turdus merula |
Bombycilla garrulus |
|
Several Rhynchitidae Larvae |
Byturus tomentosus |
Miris striatus |
Orthotylus marginalis | |
Several Tortricidae Larvae |
Argyresthia conjugella Larva | |||
| Wood Decomposers: |
Phellinus igniarius |
Tetrops praeustus Larva (Wood Borer) |
Crassa unitella |
Angiosperm Generalists |
| Fruit Decomposers: |
Monilinia fructigena |
Schizothyrium pomi |
Penicillium expansum |
Ecological Flora of the British Isles
Pictures © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2013 J.K. Lindsey
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